The Philosophical Concept of the Five Spirits (Panca Jiwa) of Darussalam Gontor Alumni Islamic Boarding Schools in Shaping Students’ Character: A Case Study of Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School Barabai and Al Islam Agricultural Technology Islamic Boarding School Tabalong. Al-Ilmi : Journal of Islamic Education, [S. l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 1–15, 2026. DOI: 10.67899/ai.v3i1.828. Disponível em: https://barkah.my.id/e-journal/index.php/Al-Ilmi/article/view/828.. Acesso em: 29 aug. 2026.