The Philosophical Concept of the Five Spirits (Panca Jiwa) of Darussalam Gontor Alumni Islamic Boarding Schools in Shaping Students’ Character: A Case Study of Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School Barabai and Al Islam Agricultural Technology Islamic Boarding School Tabalong. (2026). Al-Ilmi : Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 1-15. https://barkah.my.id/e-journal/index.php/Al-Ilmi/article/view/828