The Philosophical Concept of the Five Spirits (Panca Jiwa) of Darussalam Gontor Alumni Islamic Boarding Schools in Shaping Students’ Character: A Case Study of Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School Barabai and Al Islam Agricultural Technology Islamic Boarding School Tabalong. Al-Ilmi : Journal of Islamic Education. 2026;3(1):1-15. Accessed October 28, 2026. https://barkah.my.id/e-journal/index.php/Al-Ilmi/article/view/828