The Philosophical Concept of the Five Spirits (Panca Jiwa) of Darussalam Gontor Alumni Islamic Boarding Schools in Shaping Students’ Character: A Case Study of Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School Barabai and Al Islam Agricultural Technology Islamic Boarding School Tabalong. Al-Ilmi : Journal of Islamic Education 2026, 3 (1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.67899/ai.v3i1.828.