A Review of Fiqh Muamalah on Online Buying and Selling Practices in the Digital Era: A Case Study on E-Commerce Platforms

Abstract

This article examines the compliance of online buying and selling practices on e-commerce platforms with the principles of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature review, the study analyzes the core elements of digital contracts, including contracting parties, transaction objects, and the form of ijab and qabul as expressed through features like “checkout” or “buy now” buttons. The findings indicate that online transactions are generally valid under Islamic law if the essential pillars and conditions of sale are fulfilled. However, violations such as gharar (ambiguity), tadlis (deception), riba (interest), and najasy (false bidding) are still common. Although DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 110/2017 provides normative guidance, its implementation remains limited. The lack of awareness among Muslim consumers and weak ethical control by platforms highlight the urgency of digital muamalah education. This study recommends integrating Islamic commercial literacy into the education curriculum and strengthening syariah-based oversight within e-commerce systems.